Generic Name
Doxycycline
Therapeutic Class: Anti BacterialIndications:
Doxycycline is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by susceptible microorganisms:
Presentation:- Respiratory tract infections: pneumonia, influenza, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, bronchitis, sinusitis and otitis media and other Streptococcal and Staphylococcal infections.
- Genitourinary tract infections: pyelonephritis, cystitis, urethritis, gonorrhoea epididymitis, syphilis, chancroid and granuloma inguinale.
- Chlamydia: Lymphogranuloma, venereum, psittacosis, trachoma.
- Intestinal disease: Whipple's disease, tropical sprue, blind loop syndrome, amoebic dysentery.
- Bacillary infections: brucellosis, tularaemia, cholera, traveller's diarrhoea.
- Acne: acne vulgaris, acne conglobata etc.
- Other infections: typhus, actinomycosis, rickettsialpox and Q-fever and infections caused by mycobacterium marinum, Bordetella pertussis and Bacillus anthracis.
Doxycycline Capsule: Each capsule contains Doxycycline Hyclate BP equivalent to Doxycycline 100 mg
Description:
Doxycycline is a semisynthetic derivative of oxytetracycline. Doxycycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic with the broadest spectrum of any known antibacterial agent. It is active against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, spirochetes, mycoplasma, rickettsia etc. It can be used with success in place of penicillin in the treatment of gonorrhoea and syphilis. Doxycycline has an excellent model of absorption and is almost completely absorbed (95%) from the GIT. Food does not interfere with the absorption of doxycycline, 90% of the drug in circulation is bound to plasma protein. Biological half-life varies between 16- 23 hours on repeated doses. Due to its higher lipid solubility than any other tetracycline, doxycycline attains a wide distribution in body tissues and body fluids.
Dosage & Administration:
Usual dose: 200 mg on the first day, then 100 mg daily for 7-10 days.
Severe infections (including refractory urinary tract infections): 200 mg daily for 10 days.
Acne: 100 mg daily.
Uncomplicated genital chlamydia, non-gonococcal urethritis: 100 mg twice daily for 7-21 days (14-21 days in pelvic inflammatory disease).
Side Effects:
As with all other antibiotics, side effects liable to be encountered include: Gastrointestinal disturbances, eg. anorexia, vomiting, dysentery etc. overgrowth of resistant organisms may cause Glossitis, stomatitis, or Staphylococcal enterocolitis; Apart from these skin rashes, the purpura may occur. Photosensitivity and dermatological reactions are rare.
Precautions:
During the development of teeth (last half of pregnancy and up to 8 years of age) the use of tetracyclines may lead to permanent discolouration of teeth. So tetracyclines should not be administered during these periods.
Use in Pregnancy & Lactation:
Pregnancy category D.
There are no adequate and well-controlled studies on the use of doxycycline in pregnant women. The vast majority of reported experience with doxycycline during human pregnancy is short-term, first-trimester exposure. Tetracyclines are excreted in human milk. However, the extent of absorption of tetracyclines including doxycycline, by the breastfed infant is not known. Short-term use by lactating women is not necessarily contraindicated; however, the effects of prolonged exposure to doxycycline in breast milk are unknown.
Pediatric Use
Doxycycline should not be used in children up to 8 years of age
Interaction:
Alkali, antacids or irons should not be taken along with Doxycycline. Because these may reduce the absorption of the drug.
Overdose:
Symptoms of Doxycycline include nausea, vomiting & diarrhoea. In case of overdose, discontinue medication and treat symptomatically.
Storage:
Do not store above 30 °C. Keep away from light and out of the reach of children.
Usual dose: 200 mg on the first day, then 100 mg daily for 7-10 days.
Severe infections (including refractory urinary tract infections): 200 mg daily for 10 days.
Acne: 100 mg daily.
Uncomplicated genital chlamydia, non-gonococcal urethritis: 100 mg twice daily for 7-21 days (14-21 days in pelvic inflammatory disease).
Side Effects:
As with all other antibiotics, side effects liable to be encountered include: Gastrointestinal disturbances, eg. anorexia, vomiting, dysentery etc. overgrowth of resistant organisms may cause Glossitis, stomatitis, or Staphylococcal enterocolitis; Apart from these skin rashes, the purpura may occur. Photosensitivity and dermatological reactions are rare.
Precautions:
During the development of teeth (last half of pregnancy and up to 8 years of age) the use of tetracyclines may lead to permanent discolouration of teeth. So tetracyclines should not be administered during these periods.
Use in Pregnancy & Lactation:
Pregnancy category D.
There are no adequate and well-controlled studies on the use of doxycycline in pregnant women. The vast majority of reported experience with doxycycline during human pregnancy is short-term, first-trimester exposure. Tetracyclines are excreted in human milk. However, the extent of absorption of tetracyclines including doxycycline, by the breastfed infant is not known. Short-term use by lactating women is not necessarily contraindicated; however, the effects of prolonged exposure to doxycycline in breast milk are unknown.
Pediatric Use
Doxycycline should not be used in children up to 8 years of age
Interaction:
Alkali, antacids or irons should not be taken along with Doxycycline. Because these may reduce the absorption of the drug.
Overdose:
Symptoms of Doxycycline include nausea, vomiting & diarrhoea. In case of overdose, discontinue medication and treat symptomatically.
Storage:
Do not store above 30 °C. Keep away from light and out of the reach of children.